Pregnancy screening encompasses a range of tests and examinations performed throughout gestation. These are performed to assess the health and well-being of both the mother and her developing baby. Early detection of potential concerns through these screenings enables timely interventions, significantly enhancing the safety and optimal outcomes for both mother and child.
Importance of Pregnancy Screening
Pregnancy screening helps identify potential health risks and complications early, providing crucial information for managing the pregnancy effectively. These screenings can detect issues such as chromosomal abnormalities, genetic conditions, and maternal health complications, enabling prompt medical actions and informed decision-making.
Types of Pregnancy Screenings
Throughout pregnancy, a variety of screenings are commonly performed to monitor the health of both mother and baby. These include:
1. Blood Tests
Comprehensive blood tests are conducted to assess crucial factors such as blood type, Rh factor, iron levels, presence of infections, and immunity status against certain diseases.
2. Ultrasound Scans
Ultrasound examinations are vital for monitoring foetal development throughout pregnancy. These scans are used to confirm pregnancy viability and conduct a detailed foetal anomaly assessment to evaluate the baby's anatomy and development. Ultrasound scans are also vital to assess the baby's ongoing growth and overall well-being.
3. Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
NIPT is a highly accurate screening tool that can be performed as early as 10 weeks of pregnancy. It screens for chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, as well as other common genetic conditions.
4. Glucose Screening
This test is specifically designed to detect gestational diabetes and is typically performed between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. Early detection allows for timely management to ensure the health of both mother and baby.
When Should You Undergo Screening?
Pregnancy screening schedules vary according to individual health profiles, but certain screenings have recommended timeframes:
First Trimester (Weeks 1-12)
Initial Ultrasound:
This early scan confirms pregnancy viability, precisely determines gestational age, checks for multiple pregnancies, and evaluates the baby's early developmental milestones.Blood Tests:
These comprehensive tests identify your maternal blood type, Rh compatibility, iron and haemoglobin levels, presence of infectious diseases, and immunity to conditions like rubella.NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing):
Performed around week 10, this blood test screens for genetic conditions and chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome.
Second Trimester (Weeks 13-26)
Detailed Ultrasound Scans (Anomaly Scan):
Conducted typically between weeks 18-22, this comprehensive scan examines the baby's physical structure in detail, checking for developmental abnormalities or anatomical issues.Additional Blood Tests:
Follow-up tests may include screening for genetic markers, checking maternal health indicators, and monitoring levels of essential nutrients such as iron.
Third Trimester (Weeks 27-40)
Glucose Screening:
Usually performed between weeks 24-28, this test helps detect gestational diabetes, ensuring timely intervention if required.Growth and Wellness Scans:
These scans monitor the baby's growth, positioning, amniotic fluid volume, placental health, and overall well-being as delivery approaches.
Dr Kelly Loi: Specialist in Pregnancy Screening and Prenatal Care
Dr Kelly Loi, a Singapore obstetrician at Health & Fertility Centre for Women, is experienced in providing comprehensive pregnancy care and screening. Her guidance provides expectant mothers with clarity, reassurance, and informed choices throughout their journey from pre-pregnancy to birth and beyond.
